Researchers from the University of Technology Sydney and the University of Manchester‘s National Graphene Institute have created a novel method to extend the life of zinc-ion batteries, providing a more secure and environmentally friendly alternative for energy storage. Nature Communications reported the findings.
Image Credit: The University of Manchester
A two-dimensional (2D) manganese-oxide/graphene superlattice that initiates a distinct lattice-wide strain mechanism was created by the researchers. This method significantly improves the cathode material’s structural stability, allowing the battery to function dependably for up to 5,000 charge-discharge cycles. Compared to contemporary zinc-ion batteries, that is around 50% longer.
The study provides a workable path toward scalable water-based energy storage solutions.
Atomic-Level Control Over Battery Durability
The breakthrough is based on the Cooperative Jahn-Teller Effect (CJTE). A lattice distortion is generated by a 1:1 ratio of manganese ions (Mn³⁺ and Mn⁴⁺). When combined with a layered 2D structure on graphene, this ratio results in long-range, homogenous strain across the material.
This strain helps the cathode withstand degradation during repeated cycling.
The end result is a low-cost, aqueous zinc-ion battery that is more durable and does not pose the same safety hazards as lithium-ion cells.
This work demonstrates how 2D material heterostructures can be engineered for scalable applications. Our approach shows that superlattice design is not just a lab-scale novelty, but a viable route to improving real-world devices such as rechargeable batteries. It highlights how 2D material innovation can be translated into practical technologies.
Guoxiu Wang, Study Lead and Corresponding Author and Professor, University of Technology Sydney
Towards Better Grid-Scale Storage
Zinc-ion batteries are commonly regarded as a good alternative for stationary storage, which involves storing renewable energy for homes, companies, and the power grid. However, due to their short lifespan, their practical application has been limited.
The study demonstrates how chemical control at the atomic level may overcome the barrier.
Our research opens a new frontier in strain engineering for 2D materials. By inducing the cooperative Jahn-Teller effect, we’ve shown that it’s possible to fine-tune the magnetic, mechanical, and optical properties of materials in ways that were previously not feasible.
Rahul Nair, Study Co-corresponding Author and Professor, The University of Manchester
The researchers also proved that their synthesis process can be scaled up using water-based methods that do not require hazardous solvents or excessive temperatures, which is a step toward making zinc-ion batteries more feasible to manufacture.
Journal Reference:
Wang, S., et al. (2025) Cooperative Jahn-Teller effect and engineered long-range strain in manganese oxide/graphene superlattice for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Nature Communications. doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60558-y
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